Use of “n” Word in Huck Finn

Others debate that it makes people uncomfortable and prevents them from reading this great piece of American literature. The people who believe that the original text should be edited, focus their discontent on the racial tone of the language. The fact that the racial insult makes many people feel uncomfortable, is one of the main reasons they feel that way. In the article by Philip Rails, the scholar Alan Cribber says, â€Å"It's a shame that one word should be a barrier between a marvelous reading experience and a lot of readers†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ(Rails 1).That Is exactly what people feel the word â€Å"Niger is In Huckleberry Finn. It acts as a barrier for people who find It uncomfortable to read, and prevents them from comprehending the writing. In the article â€Å"Houck Finn goes clean In new publication† by Analyzer, an English teacher expresses why she doesn't think Its k to use the word. When you're using slurs – racial slurs, gender slurs, homosexuality slurs â⠂¬â€œ I think you're victimizing people† (Layer 3). It is very true that blacks in America could get offended if you say the word in a classroom or they read it in the novel.It probably reminds them of the hard times their ancestors went through or puts them into stereotype that they don't think they belong in. It is very easy for people to become uncomfortable with an insult like the word in Houck Finn. The English teacher in Layer's article also says, remember when I first read it in 1986 and I was thinking, ‘Oh, wow. The racial slur Is problematic† (Layer 2). Like many people, she feels as though â€Å"slave† would be more acceptable. It would make people feel more at ease and able to actually read the book without a distracting word.Teachers definitely do not want their students to be Immature about the n-word, especially if there are blacks in the classroom. If the students wouldn't be mature about it, it would be nice to have another choice. Readers, s tudents and teachers also should have a choice in what they want to read. If they have the book with in it and don't want it, they should be able to choose what they want. As long as they are comfortable and do not distract or offend the reader than the point of the book is shown. While the reasons for replacing the slur are reasonable, people are still tryingly against censoring Houck Finn.They feel as though removing the insult would compensate what had happened in the past. The way we treated the slaves was extremely harsh and this Is a way America can remember as well as refrain from making a mistake Like that In the future. Another reason readers don't want to censor the novel Is the fact that they are censoring a major novel. In the article â€Å"Why a new edition of Houck Finn Is†¦ † By Alexandra Petri, Petri discusses her displeasure with the censorship of the novel. She says, â€Å"This is like turning Death of a Salesman into room Heart of Darkness – or all the darkness† (Petri).Even Mark Twain himself said about the difference between â€Å"slave† and â€Å"Niger† is â€Å"the difference between the lightning bug and the lightning† (Controversy as new edition†¦ ). If they censor American literature, what will be next? Many argue that they don't know where the removing of all things bad will stop. Great deals of readers think that the racial slur is crucial to how the readers interpret the whole story. In the article, â€Å"Houck Finn goes clean†¦ † An English professor explains how important it is to be shaken and feel uncomfortable with the word â€Å"Niger† (Layer).It depicts the time period in which it happened accurately, and though it wasn't, and still isn't, something that is acceptable, it still brings out the point of the novel. Mark Twain put the word in there for a purpose, not Just to do it. He uses it to bring out some of the satire. Petri says in her article that reg ardless of the fact that slavery was in full throttle, â€Å"Mark Twain was still able to use satire to show how wrong it was† (Petri). Granted, the usage of the word â€Å"Niger† was normal in that time period, but now the satire Twain uses seems al the more relevant.His satire is still shown to this very day. Also, the characters would not have said â€Å"slave†, it is more realistic if Houck was to say â€Å"Niger† because, to him, that's what a slave was. It was completely normal, whether we think it was or not. All in all, the choice is up to the readers. If the reader feels that the â€Å"n† word is too offensive to read, the option to read a different word should be open to them. We can't distract people from the meaning of the story if they get disgruntled and embarrassed.No one has the right to deny someone fondness when reading a book. The novel is partially about striving for freedom. While freedom comes with a price, shouldn't everyone have the freedom to choose which way they want to read something? However, it is also important to know that the word was there in the first place. It is true that the story could lose its meaning by taking out what makes the satire so uncomfortable. The word is an important part of the story, but if people understand it than why are they not allowed to enjoy the piece that people admire so much?

Blue Like Jazz Conversion Stories

In the book Blue like Jazz there is a couple of conversion stories I would like to talk about. The first one comes from Chapter 4. It is the conversion of Millers friend Penny. Penny was a person who did not like Christians and Christianity based on the stereotypes that she had seen and the world has given to them. In the chapter it says that Penny wanted nothing to do with Christianity until she met a friend from her school. She went to college at the same place as miller, which is reed college, and after her freshman year she decided to study at a school in france. While there she was introduced to another student from Reed who she was very fond of and her name is Nadine. Nadine was a very nice person to Penny and listened to Penny’s childhood problems intently and with care. One night Nadine told Penny that she was a christian and Penny was very upset by it. She did not want to believe that this person that was so nice, kind and listened to her so well was a Christian because from her perspective of Christianity these were not traits of a Christian. Then when Penny started to think about it she found out that maybe Christianity has something to offer her. This was the beginning process of her conversion. She may not have changed her ways immediately but this way of thinking and meeting Nadine really opened up her mind to Christianity. Later in the book it goes to talk about how she converts after hearing the voice of God while she was high on drugs. This may or may not be true but personally I believe that it is. I think that God will come to people when they are most vulnerable and tell them straight up what they need to here. A couple of days later after hearing Gods voice she prayed and asked for forgiveness of her sins and that is the day that she converted. All that was left was a public display of conversion, also known as baptism.

Modern effect towards Shakepears Romeo Essay

I will produce the play in Las Vegas so I can create a modern effect towards Shakepears Romeo & Juliet. I’ve chosen to produce Act 1 Scene 1, because it will show the tension between the two families already before the film unfolds. The scene has lots of action and there’s a variety of things happening. The Montague’s own a casino called Gamblers Paradise. The Capulets are also in the gambling business; their casino is called Snake Eyes. There is a massive rivalry between them because of the substantial amount of money involved and the intense competition. Tybalt wants to shut the Montague’s business for good. The servants are employees of their families casino’s, and the Prince is the head of the F.B.I. Leading up to the scene  There will be a short clip showing how the feud between the two families began. The Montague’s were situated there first. Their income was soaring through the roof, until the Capulets arrived and opened their newly built casino adjacent to them. The Montague’s income plummeted dramatically and they were infuriated about it. So they began their plan to make the Capulets lives hell.When the scene opens, the two Capulet servants walk out of the casino joking and laughing. The camera will face them from the Montague’s casino and will zoom in slowly. The servants walk down the street towards a cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ they always go to every lunch break. As they are walking, the camera has a close up on Sampson when he is talking and when Gregory is talking; the camera switches to him. When they are near the cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, the camera goes into the cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, moving in a circular movement. Then it stops on Abraham, a Montague servant. Abraham is drinking a cup of coffee. The camera is facing the door of the cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ from inside, waiting for the Capulet’s to enter. Next, the door swings open and the Capulet’s look around and spot Abraham. The camera switches to Abraham. He sees them in the corner of his eye. He gulps down the last mouth full of coffee and walks over to the counter. The camera moves behind the counter. He pays for the coffee and turns to the Capulet’s. Gregory says, â€Å"I will frown as I pass by, and let them take it as they list†.  Sampson replies â€Å"Nay, as there. I will bite my thumb at him, which is disgrace to him if he bear it.†Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Do you bite your thumb at us sir?† says Abraham in a deep shaky voice.  Abraham walks over to them. Then suddenly he lashes out with a punch to Gregory. The camera moves to the right and zooms in on the action. The fight is interrupted by the appearance of Benvolio. Benvolio enters and shouts, â€Å"Part, fools! Put up your hands; you know not what you do.†Ã‚  Tybalt stampedes through the door with attitude and says, â€Å"What art thou drawn among these heartless hinds? Turn thee, Benvolio, look upon thy death.†Ã‚  Benvolio replies, â€Å"I do but keep the peace. Put up thy hand, or it to part these men with me.†Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"What, drawn and talk of peace? I hate the word, as I hate hell, all Montague’s, and thee. Have at thee, coward.† Tybalt replies with anger. Then Abraham pulls out a gun, he is extremely nervous at this moment in time. Sweat runs slowly down his forehead. Sampson kicks the gun out of Abraham’s clench fist. Gregory does a backward roundhouse kick to the face of Abraham, who is stunned. The camera switches behind Abraham and zooms out a bit. He flies through the air and crashes onto a table with a bone-breaking thump. The camera is now at a bird’s eye view of the crisis. Abraham is bleeding from several places and he is unconscious. Blood is trickling from the edge of the table. Citizens gather round shouting, â€Å"Down with the Capulets, down with the Montague’s.†Ã‚  The camera is behind the citizens at head level. Immediately Montague and Capulet appear on the scene. Old Capulet calls for shotgun. For a moment the two wives try to restrain their husbands, but their efforts are unnecessary. The F.B.I squad pulls up outside the cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. â€Å"The Worlds Greatest† by R.Kelly is playing in the background. As the prince steps out of his Lexus, the camera has a close up on his face. Prince Escales says loudly through a tannoy, â€Å"Old Capulet and Montague have disturbed our streets once again. If you ever disturb our streets again, your lives shall pay the forfeit of the peace. For this time all the rest depart away: You Capulet, shall go along with me, and Montague I will come for you this afternoon, to know our further pleasure in this case, to old Free-town, our common judgement-place. Once more, on pain of death, all men depart.† How the scene develops  With the departure of the Prince, the mood changes.  Lady Montague asks â€Å"O where is Romeo? I saw him to day? I am glad he was not at this fray†.  Lady Montague spots Romeo in the distance. The camera zooms in on lady Montague. Benvolio describes the behaviour of his infatuated friend. Romeo gets up before dawn, walking alone in the woods and weeping as the sunrises. The camera follows him from behind, capturing the beautiful sky. He hurries home and locks himself in his room and shuts out the daylight. At this point, â€Å"Hero† by Enrique is playing. These are symptoms of unrequited love, although neither Benvolio nor Romeo’s parents appear to recognise this. How does your treatment of the play show its relevance to people today?  Romeo and Juliet relate very well to today. For example, each family wants revenge on the other. This can relate to the families who were affect by Myra Hindley. She was a sick twisted individual who killed children. Every one wanted her to die and suffer for what she did. All families have disagreements, arguments, and fights but that’s part of life every thing will eventually sort it self-out. So really what happens in Romeo and Juliet isn’t unusual.

How the western was lost- and why it matters Essay

How the western was lost- and why it matters - Essay Example looking at the West which has been lost in the process of evolution has become felt more and more today – the relatively old Western audience considers Westerns to be the only source of recalling the past. The proof of the mentioned reasons is found in the realities of the present day. Westerns address history, and the history which is written today may be approached from the perspective of the Western genre movies – bad guys destabilize the world, whereas good guys try to make it safer and protect the suffering from global threats. The XXI century becomes more and more dangerous day after day, and there is a growing need of a hero who would save everyone in his courageous effort, just like a cowboy. The relevance of this addressing to the history is that, as any time, the XXI century brings not only success, but also some unpleasant and disturbing situations which cannot be hidden whether we like it or not. From this point of view, Western movies provide a different view on the things that happen in the world and help everyone to define form him or herself who are good and bad in modern

Does the theories of ecquivalence play a useful role in professional Essay

Does the theories of ecquivalence play a useful role in professional translation - Essay Example These theorists have studied equivalence in relation to the translation process, using different approaches, and have provided fruitful ideas for further study regarding this topic. Our first study is on the theory introduced and expounded by Nida and Taber about formal correspondence and dynamic equivalence. Formal correspondence focuses attention on the message itself, in both form and content, unlike dynamic equivalence which is based upon "the principle of equivalent effect" (1964:159). A more detailed explanation of each type of equivalence is provided in the second edition (1982) of their work, but a brief analysis will be discussed in this paper. Nida, in consultation with other pioneers in the field, developed the theory of "dynamic equivalence" or "functional equivalence," which stressed the importance of transferring meaning, not grammatical form (Poythress, 2004). Formal correspondence consists of a TL item which represents the closest equivalent of a SL word or phrase. Dynamic equivalence is defined as a translation principle according to which a translator seeks to translate the meaning of the original in such a way that the TL wording will trigger the same impact on the TL audience as the original wording did upon the ST audience. (Nida and Taber, 1982: 200) In dynamic equivalence, translation is done by the translator's use of his/her own words and expressing it in the TL, the impact should be the same as it was in the ST. The sentences are not the literal interpretation, but rather a different wording seeking to arrive at the same impact as in the original text. Nida was also concerned of delivering the "fullest meaning" instead of a bare minimum (Nida, 1947, cited in Poythress, 2004). The distinction between the two - formal correspondence and dynamic equivalence - is that in the former a word can have an equivalent to an SL word or phrase, whilst in the latter, equivalence is achieved by giving the meaning of the words or phrases from the original. Both can achieve equivalent effect. In formal equivalence, the problem lies in not getting an equivalent word in the two languages. Fawcett (1997) criticizes this theory because he argued that the use of formal equivalents might at times have serious implications in the TT since the translation might not be easily understood by the target audience. Formal correspondence distorts the grammatical and stylistic patterns of the receptor language, and hence distorts the message, so as to cause the receptor to misunderstand the message (Fawcett, 1007: 201). Nevertheless, Nida and Taber argue that "the form of the original text is changed; but as long as the change follows the rules of back transformation in the source language, of contextual consistency in the transfer, and of transformation in the receptor language, the message is preserved and the translation is faithful" (p. 200). Nida is in favour of the application of dynamic equivalence, as a more effective translation procedure, considering that he has been into Bible translation. Nida is much more interested in the message of the text or, in other words, in its semantic quality. He strives to make sure that this message remains clear in the target text (hence, dynamic equivalence). But herein lies the contradiction as far as Bible translation is concerned.

Biometric Authentication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Biometric Authentication - Essay Example One’s fingerprint, hand, or face recognition senses such specific details as ridges, orientation, as well as other features of the fingerprint. DBS is thus an effective technology offering optimal solutions towards the safety of responsive areas, thereby meeting the demands of the clients for high security whilst maintaining litheness (Nanavati et al 2002). According to Jain et al (1996), a number of factors underscore the inevitability of a DBS. First, DBS requires that a recognition trait must be universal. This implies that all people must possess a chosen biometric, with each person having a distinctive one. Secondly, the chosen biometric, in every human being, must be stable. Role-based admission management is a fundamental concept with two limits: simple and complex extremes. Ferraiolo et al (2007) postulate that there exists four chronological role-based authentication approaches as elucidated by the NIST model. The order is arranged in growing functional capacities. Th e â€Å"Flat Role-Based Access Control† comes first and exemplifies the basic role-based access management aspects. This approach stipulates that roles be assigned to users and permissions, thereby necessitating one to be considered in a role to gain access or permission. Importantly, a number of roles can be allocated to an individual user while multiple users can be allocated a solitary, common role. â€Å"Hierarchical Role-Based Management Control† (HRBMC) comes second in the sequence. This stage adjoins a constraint that shores up the ranking via allowing consent of the juniors by the senior staff. The HRBMC approach consists of two phases; universal hierarchical and controlled hierarchical role-based verification. The universal hierarchical role-based certification supports a capricious fractional order for helping the role ladder. On the other hand, the controlled hierarchical role-based verification entails the imposition of limits upon the role ladder by the sy stem. Constrained RBAC comes third in the sequence. Duties’ partition, a mechanism that prevailed prior to the computers for accidental damage and fraud possibility reduction, is added as an obligation within this approach. The implication of duties’ separation takes two approaches: dynamic and static duties’ separation. Symmetric RBAC is the fourth and final approach of this sequence, which assists in the recognition of the roles towards which a specific permission has been allotted, and vice versa (Lin & Fan 2004). In the above situation and approach of use, XACML (Crampton) is the substitute applicable solution. The dissimilarity between rule-based substantiation techniques and the NIST model is the reality that the policies of rule-based verification integrate attribute-based provisions that establish the permitted protocols, as well as recognize source while the policies of the RBAC establish the organisational roles and permissions ascribed to the roles, a s well as the persons, executing such roles (Jain & Uludag 2003). Strengths and Weaknesses of the PALM Biometrics and Reliability and Authentication of this Mechanism PALM biometrics systems are used interchangeably with palm vein biometric method.  

Understanding the New Digital Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Understanding the New Digital Economy - Essay Example The rapid development brought about in the areas of technology has also boosted up one crucial factor which cannot be ignored when it comes sustainable and continued economic growth (Gumah & Jamaluddin, n.d.). This crucial factor can be commonly referred to as the communication process. In relation to the above fact, communication can be considered as a vital factor contributing to the social and cultural development of an economy. Through the effective use of communication, multiple business processes has come up and are expected to flourish in the later years. More specifically, the entire concept of globalization can be stated to have been dependent on technology. As for the current marketing trend, the entire business world has turn digitised. At present, people across the world can be widely seen to be eager to perform digital or online marketing with the sole purpose of saving both time as well as money. Although the concept of digitization is not so old but it has got a great perspective in terms of acting as an economic development factor (Gumah & Jamaluddin, n.d.). Digitization in general can be seen to be promoting trade which in turn benefiting the economy in myriad ways (Gumah & Jamaluddin, n.d.). The main objective of this discussion is to evaluate and understand the new digital economy. This topic also includes sub parts such as understanding of the aspects which have directly or indirectly contributed towards transition of traditional economy into a new digitised economy. This section will comprise of the thoughts and ideas of few authors who seem have quoted in context to this topic. As per the Strategy Dynamic Global SA (2013), technology have helped multiple nation in segregating their ‘ previous economic stance’, ‘education system’ and ‘social obligations’. This group also quoted that the

Cambodia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cambodia - Essay Example This was a strategy to strengthen their rule in their territory. The modernization of the monetary system in Cambodia by introducing the tax system to the natives would be necessary (Corfield, 2009). The surrounding waters facilitated most of the transportation activities in the colonial territory. The water from the sea was used for irrigation activities on the rice plantation. Industries relied on water for running most of their activities such as rubber processing. Additionally, the colonizers constructed watchtowers for guarding their territories on the surrounding waters. The impacts of colonial activities are still evident in the modern day Cambodia. As such, the natives are educating themselves based on the teachings of their colonizers. Cambodia is trading in rubber and corn as it was during colonialism (Corfield, 2009). The colonization process developed the infrastructure in use today during their rule in Cambodia. Cambodia is still trading with the French. Moreover, the country exports rice as one of their main cash crop as it was in the past. If the area were to be colonized, it would be better to commercialize trade throughout Cambodian colonial territory. Restriction on relationship with the Chinese will be eliminated for the benefit of the entire masses. Nationalism should be introduced in line with the principles advocated for by the traditional monarchs (Corfield, 2009). This will minimize the resistance that the colonizers faced from the natives. It is expected that Cambodians will adopt some of the aspects of life introduced to them by the colonizers to suit their own

What is the role of the UN in the world today and what role should it Essay

What is the role of the UN in the world today and what role should it play in the future - Essay Example 335-60). United Nations is also working for regulating international commerce, compiling data and delivering services. UN had established UNICEF. Women of child-bearing age and children are benefited with the help of UNICEF in more than 100 countries (Arnold, 1995, p. 47) Another most important role the UN playing since its creation and nowadays is to maintain peace worldwide. For this purpose, the United Nations has directed 17 interventions whose function is to form peace keeping forces. These peace keeping forces are formed with the help of different nations that are member of United Nations. The purpose of these peace keeping operations is to reduce the strain that the United Nations had to face in the form of cost of several hundred million dollars a year to spend during the Cold War. Peace keeping operations are in progress to maintain peace in all nations (Barnett, 1995, p. 79-97). The future role of United Nations will be to meet different needs such as security, politics and economic needs of the international community. This role will make sure that the United Nations and its programs, to improve health, peace and other conditions in all nations, are working properly (Beigbeder, 1987, p. 174). New challenges will be met with the help of upgraded management systems and program delivery. United Nations will also establish several services that will improve accountability of management and financial sectors of all nations. It will also make sure that all the spending for the development of different programs, departments and agencies are cost effective. To achieve success in all the future plans, the United Nations will have to develop a clear road map (Boutros-Ghali, 1992/1993, p. 89-102). The programs that had been proven highly effective in the past now seem less important and less effective. This is so because implementation of

Marketing Segmentation - Demographic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing Segmentation - Demographic - Essay Example The inclinations of the consumers are different for the same goods and services produced in the economy. Thus, it becomes crucial to categorize or segregate the buyers possessing same characteristic features of tastes and preferences. This process of grouping buyers in terms of several common determinants is known as market segmentation (Wind and Douglas, 1972). Market Segmentation It is believed by many scholars that market segmentation is an alternative of product differentiation. In today’s world, market segmentation plays a vital role for formulating all marketing strategies adopted by a firm. It creates different samples of buyers with same type of demand patterns that helps a company in designing separate marketing plans for each group and thereby facilitates them to win over customer loyalty for all the divisions. A particular market can be divided or categorized according to psychological, demographics, geographic and behavioral determinants. A proper marketing mix for mulated by a firm would help it to suffice the demands of each segment separately, in an economic and efficient manner. This paper will implicitly explain the concept of market segmentation based on demographics (McDonald, 2012). ... raphic determinants, an organization can create excellent strategies of marketing that would help it to park potential customer base in its retail segment. It becomes very convenient to apply demographic methodology of market segmentation because it is easy to calculate the demographic variables during the procedure of market segmentation. Moreover, the factors on the basis of which demographic market segmentation is introduced can generally be used for almost all the products (Tyan, 1987). Life-cycle and Age It is analyzed by the economists that the nature of demand created by a buyer changes with age and time in the life-cycle process. The companies while making their business plans target consumers on the basis of age to sell their manufactured products. If a firm produces land line telephones, then it should realize that the potential buyers of such a product would be consumers of age group 60 years and above. This is because the old consumers will have less skill to use modern c omplicated technologies in the mobile phones. On the other hand, it would be wrong on the part of the company to analyze that the buyers of landline phones would be young in age in general. So the market is segmented on the basis of landline and mobile phones, age and life-cycle becomes a vital mode of market segmentation (Hoek, Gendall, and Esslemont, 1995). Gender There is a significant difference in the likings of men and women. Thus, while marketing a product a company must first segregate the marketplace on the basis of sex. Men and women possess separate attitudes about same type of a commodity. Companies dealing with cosmetics, magazines etc should always segment their market while launching marketing strategies and plans. Like, if a company desires to sell a foundation base in